FEBRUARY 06, 2023 KAHRAMANMARAŞ EARTHQUAKES DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Contact Kızılırmak Mahallesi Mevlana Bulv. No:144 Çukurambar Ankara/TÜRKİYE T +90 312 590 20 00 | webinfo@iletisim.gov.tr Prestij Grafik Rek. ve Mat. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. T 0 212 489 40 63, İstanbul Matbaa Sertifika No: 45590 Print Publisher Certificate No: 45482 1st Edition, Ankara, 2023 ISBN: 978-625-7377-40-9 February 06, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes Disaster of the Century © 2023 PRESIDENCY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TÜRKİYE, DIRECTORATE OF COMMUNICATIONS FEBRUARY 06, 2023 KAHRAMANMARAŞ EARTHQUAKES DISASTER OF THE CENTURY TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S INTRODUCTION 7 President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan PREFACE 9 Prof. Fahrettin Altun 1. ABOUT THE EARTHQUAKES THAT OCCURRED ON FEBRUARY 6, 2023 IN KAHRAMANMARAŞ 12 2. UNDERSTANDING THE DISASTER OF THE CENTURY 30 2.1. Scientific Data on Earthquakes 30 2.2. Disaster of the Century’s Effect on Natural, Historical, and Cultural Heritage 62 3. SEARCH AND RESCUE ACTIVITIES AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE 87 3.1. Aid Corridors 92 3.2. Search and Rescue and Rubble Removal Efforts 103 4. DISASTER COMMUNICATION and COMBATING DISINFORMATION 127 5. POST-EARTHQUAKE SOLIDARITY 138 5.1. Nation-State Solidarity: Türkiye United as One Heart 139 5.2. International Support and Solidarity 165 6. POST-EARTHQUAKE RECONSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY EFFORTS 190 February 06, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes Disaster of the Century 6 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 7 O n February 6, 2023, Türkiye experienced the earthquakes described as the “disaster of the century” that caused the most loss of life, destruction and suffering in the history of the Republic. The first earthquake with a magni- tude of 7.7, which we experienced at 04.17 in the Pazarcık district of Kahramanmaraş, and the sec- ond earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 centred in Elbistan, which occurred approximately 9 hours later, caused destruction in 62 districts and 10 thousand 190 villages in 11 provinces that day. From the first moment of the earthquake, we have mobilised all our resources as the state and as the nation. We have directed all the search and res- cue, aid and support capacities of our ministries, institutions and organisations to the earthquake area. We quickly dispatched professional search and rescue teams responding to our internation- al call for help with nearly 11,500 personnel from 90 countries, including NATO and the European Union, to the field. Thus, with a total of 35 thou- sand people, we assembled an unprecedented search and rescue force in the world. A total of over 270,000 public servants and volunteers, in- cluding aid and support personnel, took on duty in the earthquake area. We lived through a period during which approximately half a million peo- ple came to the aid of earthquake survivors. The historic solidarity demonstrated by our nation in these difficult days has enhanced our confidence for the future. We see a solidarity that will set an example to the world, where all the needs of our people affected by the earthquake, from shelter to food and clothing, are met collaboratively. Thank- fully, at the end of four weeks, we reached a point where we completed the search and rescue ef- forts, addressed the housing and food issues, and the debris removal efforts are ongoing at a rapid pace. Meanwhile, we want to relocate our people to their new residences as soon as possible. This is why our top priority is seeing our people set- tled into their new homes, where they can live in safety and harmony as quickly as possible. Our goal is to start the construction of 244 thousand houses and 75 thousand village houses in the next two months. According to the current planning, we aim to build 488 thousand new houses in total, including 405 thousand residences and 83 thou- sand village houses and deliver them to our citi- zens within one year. We cannot bring back our citizens who lost their lives in the earthquake, but we have the resolve and power to remedy all the destruction and dam- age. At the moment, we are focused on healing the wounds in the earthquake area and quickly reme- dying all the losses of the country. While planning the reconstruction and revival of the earthquake areas, along with material remedy, we also attach importance to the treatment of wounds opened in our souls, that is, to fortify our spiritual strength. With the lessons we have learned and the motiva- tion given by our confidence in our future, we can turn this great disaster we have experienced as a nation into an occasion for a bigger breakthrough. Once again, I extend my wishes for a quick recov- ery to our nation, wish mercy on our citizens who lost their lives in the earthquake, and offer my condolences to their families and loved ones and wish them patience. INTRODUCTION PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TÜRKİYE RECEP TAYYİP ERDOĞAN 8 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 KAHRAMANMARAŞ EARTHQUAKES, DISASTER OF THE CENTURY FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 9 P R E FAC E A s Türkiye, we experienced very large earthquakes on February 6, 2023, one after the other, not only in terms of the country but also in terms of human history. The pain of our citizens who passed away in the earth- quakes, which have been described as the “disas- ter of the century,” broke our hearts, and the lives of millions of our people were severely disrupted. While we mobilised all of our resources as a state from the beginning to heal the wounds of our peo- ple, our beloved nation once again demonstrated the best examples of unity and solidarity. We supported our citizens in the earthquake area with strong coordination in all activities that re- quire great planning and preparation, from search and rescue to first aid and support services, under the leadership of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The activities carried out from the first minutes of the disaster of the century, the capacity of people and equipment sent to the region, the measures implemented throughout the process, and the material and moral support all contributed to the healing of our people’s wounds. The speed with which the search-and-rescue operations were completed, the resolution of housing and food is- sues, and the start of debris removal, reconstruc- tion, construction, and recovery activities were all indicators of the process’ success. Thanks to the historical solidarity and unity of our nation, the patience and resiliency of our people, the leadership of our President, and the coordina- tion of our state institutions, we have left behind one of the most difficult periods in our history. We are concentrating on rebuilding and revitalising our cities in line with scientific facts and in accor- dance with our civilisation, culture, and values, using the lessons we have learned from this mas- sive disaster and destruction. This work describes the epic solidarity of our state and nation under the leadership of the President from the first minutes of the “disaster of the centu- ry,” how our citizens banded together during dif- ficult times, and how our state institutions have been at the service of our nation at all times and in all circumstances with their enhanced capacities. This book will reveal how we healed the wounds caused by these earthquakes, one of the greatest natural disasters the world has ever known, in unity and solidarity, and how we will develop our cities with greater advances in the future, leaving a mark on history. Once again, I wish mercy on our citizens who per- ished in the earthquake, patience on their surviv- ing family members, and a speedy recovery for our injured. I extend condolences and wishes for a quick recovery to our nation. DIRECTOR OF COMMNICATIONS PRESIDENCY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TÜRKİYE PROF. FAHRETTİN ALTUN 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 12 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 struck the Pazarcık district of Kahramanmaraş at 04.17 on February 6, 2023. Following the earthquake, there were aftershocks of 6.4 magnitude in Gaziantep’s Nurdağı district and 6.5 magnitude in Islahiye district. On the same day, at 13.24, another 7.6 magnitude earthquake struck Kahramanmaraş. The earthquakes impacted the provinces of Kayseri, Elazığ, Kahramanmaraş, Gaziantep, Osmaniye, Malatya, Adıyaman, Adana, Diyarbakır, Kilis, Hatay, and Şanlıurfa. 1. ABOUT THE EARTHQUAKES THAT OCCURRED ON FEBRUARY 6, 2023 IN KAHRAMANMARAŞ Another 6.4 magnitude earthquake struck the Defne district of Hatay at 20.04, followed by a 5.8 magnitude earthquake in the Samandağ district of Hatay three minutes later at 20.07. The 6.4 magnitude earthquake, which was felt in neighbouring provinces, was reported to have a depth of 16.7 kilometres. GAZİANTEP 50 AKT, 106 Personnel 45 Volunteers KİLİS HATAY 14 AKT, 55 Personnel 0 Volunteers 188 AKT, 122 Personnel 485 Volunteers OSMANİYE 22 AKT, 58 Personnel 45 Volunteers ADANA 71 AKT, 101 Personnel 13 Volunteers KAHRAMANMARAŞ MALATYA 251 AKT, 140 Personnel 256 Volunteers 39 AKT, 68 Personnel 100 Volunteers ŞANLIURFA 18 AKT, 61 Personnel 0 Volunteers ADIYAMAN 46 AKT, 106 Personnel 82 Volunteers DİYARBAKIR 87 AKT, 102 Personnel 39 Volunteers The Number of AFAD Personnel Working in the Field is 1,705, comprised of 786 Search and Rescue Personnel and 919 Other Personnel. The Total Number of AFAD Volunteers Working in the Field is 35,409. The number of active volunteers who continue to work is 1,085. AFAD PERSONNEL INFORMATION Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 13 Approximately 2 million people were evacuated from Kahramanmaraş, Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Adana, Adıyaman, Osmaniye, Hatay, Kilis, Malatya, and Elazığ, and registered in the provinces where they arrived by applying to governorships and district governorships. The total number of search and rescue teams from 90 countries working in the region is over 11,000. Furthermore, the region utilises over 270,000 people, including AFAD, Police, Gendarmerie, Ministry of National Defence (MSB), National Medical Rescue Team (UMKE), Ambulance Teams, Local Security, Local Support Teams, and 3,768 volunteers on-site. In the disaster area, operations are being carried out by over 18,000 vehicles, primarily excavators, tow trucks, cranes, dozers, trucks, water trucks, trailers, graders, vacuum trucks, and so on. SİVAS MALATYA ELAZI' DİYARBAKIR ADIYAMAN ŞANLIURFA GAZİANTEP KİLİS HATAY OSMANİYE ADANA KAHRAMANMARAŞ Malatya Yeşilyurt 27.02.2023 at 12.04 p.m. 5,6 Gaziantep Nurdağı 06.02.2023 at 04.26 a.m. 6,4 Gaziantep Islahiye 06.02.2023 at 04.36 a.m. 6,5 Hatay Defne 20.02.2023 at 08.03 p.m. 6,4 Hatay Samandağ 20.02.2023 at 8.07 p.m. 5,8 The total number of aftershocks is 16.976 Kahramanmaraş Elbistan 06.02.2023 at 1.24 p.m. 7,6 Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık 06.02.2023 at 04.17 a.m. 7,7 Between 06.02.2023 and 03.03.2023, 7 Major Earthquakes and 16,976 Aftershocks occurred. GENERAL INFORMATION 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 14 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Disaster areas were assigned 40 Governors, 160 Local Administrative Officers, 19 AFAD top managers, and 68 provincial directors. Furthermore, 29 Ministry of Foreign Affairs personnel have been stationed in the region to coordinate international aid. An air bridge has been built to transport personnel and supplies to the area. The Air Force, Land Forces, Naval Forces, Coast Guard Command, Gendarmerie General Command, Turkish National Police, Ministry of Health, and General Directorate of Forestry operate 116 helicopters and 74 aircrafts. There have been 14,000 sorties to date. The Ministry of National Defence and the Coast Guard Command employ a total of 38 ships for personnel, material shipment, and evacuation to the region. Disaster Shelter Group • There were approximately 450,000 tents installed. In 11, provinces, container installation is planned for 209 locations, with over 20,000 completed so far. Container city construction continues in 11 provinces and 162 locations. Elazığ Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 15 • In and out of the disaster zone, there are nearly 2 million people receiving shelter services in tents, containers, Ministry of Youth and Sports’ (GSB) dormitories, hotels, public guesthouses, MEB facilities, and other facilities. Disaster Nutrition Group • The Turkish Red Crescent, AFAD, MSB, Gendarmerie, and Non-Governmental Organisations all sent 370 mobile kitchen sets to the region. • In the disaster area, hot meals, soup, lunchboxes, packaged food, water, bread, and beverages are constantly distributed. Disaster Psychosocial Support Group • Four Mobile Social Service Centres have been dispatched to the provinces of Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Osmaniye, and Malatya. There were approximately 4,500 personnel transferred to the quake- hit area, and 4,000 personnel were dispatched outside the earthquake zone. Around 1.5 million earthquake victims received support from the psychosocial support group. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 16 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Satellite images taken before and after the earthquake Kahramanmaraş City Center Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 17 Satellite images taken before and after the earthquake Hatay Antakya K Gaziantep Adıyaman 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 18 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY At 04.48, the relevant units were gathered with an emergency code under the umbrella of the Türkiye Emergency Response Plan (TAMP). Türkiye Disaster Response Plan (TAMP) consists of the Ministry of Interior, AFAD, the Directorate of Communications, the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, the Ministry of Family and Social Services, the Treasury, the Ministry of Trade, and the Turkish Red Crescent. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 19 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 20 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 21 At 05.34, our President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan made the first statement via social media. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 22 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY In the hours that followed, our President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan made statements about the earthquake, the epicentre of which was in the Pazarcık district of Kahramanmaraş and affecting 11 provinces in total, at the AFAD Coordination Centre. Following the initial meeting, search and rescue teams were quickly dispatched to the area. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 23 Construction and various equipment transported to the earthquake zone in convoys 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 26 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 27 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 28 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Because of the earthquakes, our President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced that seven days of national mourning has been declared. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 29 A state of emergency (OHAL) was declared for three months, covering ten provinces in the quake-stricken region, in accordance with Article 119 of the Constitution. On February 7, 2023, the OHAL decision in question was promulgated in the Official Gazette. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 30 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY 2.1. Scientific Data on Earthquakes Two earthquakes with magnitudes of Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6 struck Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) and Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) on February 6, 2023, at 04:17 and 13:24 Turkish time. The 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck at a depth of 8.6 kilometres, while the 7.6 magnitude earthquake struck at a depth of 7 kilometres. F I G U R E : Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) Mw 7.7 and Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) Mw 7.6 Earthquakes and Aftershock Activity on February 6, 2023 2. UNDERSTANDING THE DISASTER OF THE CENTURY 06.02.2023 04:17:34 (Turkish Local Time), Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) Earthquake MW 7.7 Latitude: 37.288 | Longitude: 37.043 | Depth: 8.60 km 06.02.2023 13:24:47 (Turkish Local Time), Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) Earthquake MW 7.6 Latitude: 38.089 | Longitude: 37.239 | Depth: 7 km Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 31 Previous Earthquake Activity in the Area From 1900 to February 6, 2023, the region experienced 224 M ≥ 4.0 earthquakes, the largest of which was 6.0. Furthermore, there are 75 historical earthquake records for the area prior to 1900. F I G U R E : Historical and Instrumental Period Earthquake Activity of the Region 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 32 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Some earthquakes have made a name for themselves in world history due to their magnitude and destruction. The 9.5 magnitude earthquake that struck Valdivia, Chile, on May 22, 1960, was the largest ever measured on Earth. In terms of energy discharge, the next largest earthquake had a magnitude of 9.2, which occurred on March 27, 1964 in Alaska. The third largest earthquake, with magnitudes of 9.1 and 9.3, occurred on December 26, 2004, off the central Indonesian island of Sumatra. The Tōhoku earthquake, on the other hand, occurred on March 11, 2011 with a magnitude of 9.0 in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Japan’s Tōhoku region. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 33 Türkiye, a seismically active country with nearly all of its lands on fault lines, is located between the Eurasian-Arab-African plate and is within the seismic belt, with the North Anatolian Fault Line, East Anatolian Fault Line, and West Anatolian Fault Line within its borders. Several earthquakes have jolted the country at various times, with the greatest measuring 7.9 magnitude. In comparison to the scientific data from the world’s largest earthquakes and data from the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes, the proximity to the surface, the width of its impact area, and the fracture patterns that occur on the fault line, and so on, the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes have been designated as the Disaster of the Century due to their worldwide uniqueness. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 34 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 35 Scientists from different countries of the world gave information about the Disaster of the Century. The destructiveness and impact of the earthquake were analysed by making comparisons with the previous earthquake. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 36 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The disaster of the century caused shifts in the earth’s crust. Research conducted so far in the area suggests there have been shifts of up to 3–4 metres as a result of two devastating earthquakes that struck Kahramanmaraş. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute Director Prof. Haluk Özener stated that the earthquake affected a wide area and said, “This effect spreads across a 300–350 km2 region, particularly along the fault line.” Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 37 The two major earthquakes formed a 300-metre-long, 50-metre-wide, and 40-metre-deep valley in the Tepehan Neighbourhood of Hatay’s Altınözü district. It is estimated that an area of more than 100 acres has collapsed. Hatay- Altınözü 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 38 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Following the earthquake, Dokuz Eylül University Earthquake Research and Application Centre Head Prof. Hasan Sözbilir, Afyon Kocatepe University Earthquake Research and Application Centre Director Prof. Çağlar Özkaymak and Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty Member Prof. Volkan Karabacak conducted research on the fractured fault. As a result of their research, Prof. Hasan Sözbilir reported that the road on the Kahramanmaraş–Gaziantep main road near Tevekkelli village shifted 3 metres to the side as a result of the earthquake. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 39 Demirköprü site on Antakya-Cilvegözü main road 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 40 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Due to strong earthquakes in İslahiye, Gaziantep, two mountains collided, forming a natural lake. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 41 Disaster of the century’s effects on nature Kahramanmaraş-City Center Adıyaman – City Center Hatay-Antakya Gaziantep-Nurdağı Malatya-Yeşilyurt Adana-Güzelyalı Neighborhood Osmaniye- City Center Şanlıurfa-Haliliye Diyarbakır-Bağlar 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 62 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY 2.2. Disaster of the Century’s Effect on Natural, Historical, and Cultural Heritage The earthquake also damaged natural, historical, and cultural heritage in many provinces. While some centuries-old artefacts were completely destroyed, others were severely damaged. The earthquake also damaged Hatay’s mosque, church, and synagogue, which share a street and have come to represent the “City of Tolerance,” where the sound of bells and the call to prayer coexist. It has been determined that there are cultural properties, and the necessary measures have been taken to protect the damaged cultural properties. According to the assessments, the approximate total cost of restoring the damaged cultural properties is 56.3 billion TL. Over 3.900 cultural properties were examined in total. Destroyed 218 Damaged 635 Moderately Damaged 418 Lightly Damaged 208 Undamaged 1.829 Undetermined 3 Sarımiye Mosque, known to have been built in the 16th century Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 63 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 64 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 65 Antakya Turkish Catholic Church 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 66 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Antakya Jewish Synagogue Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 67 The Great Mosque in Hatay, built by the Mamluks in the 16th century, was completely destroyed. The building, which was constructed in 1927 at Köprübaş Square by the French architect Leon Benju and housed the parliament from 1938 until the Hatay State became a province of Türkiye on June 29, 1939, was destroyed. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 68 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The historic Hatay Metropolitan Municipality building was damaged by the earthquake.. The Trapessac (Darb-ı Sak) Castle and the Bayazid Bestami Tomb, located within the Castle in Hatay’s Kırıkhan district, were both damaged by the disaster. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 69 The historical Habib-i Neccar Mosque damaged by the earthquake 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 70 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The Ottoman-era Batıayaz Bridge in Hatay’s Samandağ district was damaged by the Kahramanmaraş and Hatay earthquakes. The bridge was slightly damaged by the Kahramanmaraş- centred earthquakes, but a part of it collapsed due to rocks sliding down the slope during the 6.4 magnitude earthquake that struck the Defne district. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 71 In the Samandağ district of Hatay, the British Protestant School, constructed in the 1800s, was also damaged. The historical Saint George Greek Orthodox Church in Hatay was also damaged during the earthquakes 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 72 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Malatya’s historical New Mosque (Yeni Camii) was demolished. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 73 The Inner Castle Mosque (İç Kale Camii) of the historical Araban Castle (Raban Kale-i Zerrin Castle), located in Gaziantep’s Araban district, was damaged. The historical White Inn (Beyaz Han) in Gaziantep 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 74 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Gaziantep Castle While the earthquake destroyed some of the bastions in the east, south, and southeast sections of the historical Gaziantep Castle in the central Şahinbey district, the debris was scattered on the road. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 75 Gaziantep - Şirvani Mosque The earthquake also destroyed the dome and minarets of the Kurtuluş Mosque, which was built as a church in 1892, then converted into a jail during the Republican era, and finally into a mosque in 1984. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 76 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The Hazrat Ukkaşe Tomb in the Nurdağı district of Gaziantep, along with other nearby structures, including the mosque, were destroyed by the earthquake and collapsed Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 77 The historical Enverül Hamid Mosque in Osmaniye was partially damaged. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 78 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The handshake column in Adıyaman’s 2,000-year-old Karakuş Tumulus was damaged. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 79 The Great Mosque in Adıyaman’s Kahta district was destroyed by the earthquake. The earthquakes also damaged Adıyaman’s Kahta Castle, which is thought to date from the Hittite era. Disaster of the century also damaged historical buildings 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 82 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The earthquake demolished the Sheikh Mosque, which was attacked with a cannonball by the French, who occupied the city during the War of National Independence, and became the symbol of the National Struggle for 103 years with the cannonball stuck on it. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 83 The 527-year-old Grand Mosque of the Dulkadiroğulları era in Kahramanmaraş was damaged. The disaster of the century changed the colour of Balıklıgöl in Şanlıurfa. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 84 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY In Şanlıurfa, the earthquake damaged the Great Mosque’s minaret clock and fountain, as well as the Mevlid-i Halil Mosque east minaret, Dabakhane Mosque minaret, and Nimetullah Mosque minaret. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 85 Following a damage assessment of 1,498 registered buildings in Diyarbakır, four were found to be severely damaged, while 30 were found to be moderately damaged. Among the damaged historical structures are the Diyarbakır City Walls, designated by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage site in 2015. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 86 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY In Kilis, it was reported that 47 mosques, including 21 historical mosques, had been damaged. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 87 All disaster groups gathered in all provinces and at the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) headquarters as part of the Türkiye Disaster Response Plan (TAMP). All AFAD Provincial Directorates were placed on high alert, and all teams, particularly search and rescue teams, were dispatched to the region. The earthquake was classified as Level 4 under the Türkiye Disaster Response Plan. During the meetings with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, an international assistance appeal was made in the field of urban search and rescue through the Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC). As of 05.45 am, two planes were dispatched to transport the teams to the region by the General Staff. The search and rescue teams of many countries, including the Netherlands, Azerbaijan, and the UK, particularly (INSARAG-International Search and Rescue Advisory Group) “Heavy Urban Search and Rescue” teams, offered assistance as of February 6, 2023, at 10.00 am. 3. SEARCH AND RESCUE ACTIVITIES AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 88 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Since the beginning of the crisis, the State Information Coordination Centre, a facility within the Presidential Complex, has continued to operate effectively. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 89 The AFAD Operations Centre has been actively operating nonstop since the earthquake. In addition, a large number of search and rescue personnel from the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD), PAK Search and Rescue Teams, Gendarmerie Search and Rescue Teams (JAK), Gendarmerie Special Search and Rescue Teams (JÖAK), Maritime Search and Rescue (DİSAK), Natural Disasters Search and Rescue (DAK), Güven, Fire Brigade, Lifeboat Service (Tahlisiye), Ministry of National Education, non-governmental and international organisations are working in the region. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 90 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan travelled to Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Adana, Gaziantep, Osmaniye, Kilis, Adıyaman, Malatya, Diyarbakır and Şanlıurfa, which were affected by the earthquake, to conduct inspections and visited tent cities set up for earthquake victims and received information from the authorities. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 91 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 92 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY 3.1. Aid Corridors The Turkish Armed Forces established an air aid corridor in the earthquake zone. The Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) established an “air aid corridor” following the earthquake in Kahramanmaraş to transport search and rescue teams to the area. A large number of transport aircraft, notably TAF A400m transport aircraft, transported search and rescue teams and vehicles to the area. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 93 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 94 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Incirlik Air Base Following the disaster of the century, aid from 81 provinces and many countries is still being dispatched rapidly from İncirlik Air Base to the quake-hit regions. Relief supplies are dispatched in the act of solidarity with the Turkish soldiers and the personnel of numerous foreign countries, including the United States, Azerbaijan, Poland, Spain, Lithuania, Qatar, Belgium, and Pakistan. Packages containing tents, beds, blankets, duvets, pillows, generators, heaters and food items are loaded into military aircraft and helicopters for delivery to earthquake victims through the “air aid corridor” established at the 10th Tanker Base Command at Incirlik Air Base. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 95 The floating hospital TCG Bayraktar provided earthquake victims with “relief.” TCG Bayraktar and TCG Sancaktar, the Turkish Armed Forces’ landing vessels that were converted into a floating hospital after transporting construction equipment, clothing, food supplies, and medical equipment to Hatay by sea, offer medical services. The TCG Bayraktar vessel was employed to carry construction equipment, clothing, food products, and medical supplies to be transported to disaster-stricken regions from the Iskenderun district of Hatay. On the TCG Sancaktar and TCG Bayraktar vessels of the Ministry of National Defence at Iskenderun Port, all sorts of medical care, including surgical procedures, are provided to earthquake victims with the support of Ministry of Health personnel. Doctors heal earthquake victims 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 98 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The cruise vessel, which arrived in the Iskenderun district of Hatay, hosts the disaster victims. With the coordination of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, the ship that arrived at Tosyalı İskenderun Port after a four-day voyage from Zonguldak Filyos Port offers 400 cabins and 1,056 beds. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 99 The shipment of relief supplies to quake-stricken regions continues. The ship, carrying humanitarian aid supplies loaded from the ports in Istanbul and Çanakkale to be delivered to the disaster victims, arrived in the Iskenderun district of Hatay. There are 83 construction equipment, 21 trucks full of essential supplies, 128 mobile homes and many portable restrooms on board. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 100 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Due to the trucks transporting aid supplies, heavy equipment, and other goods to the region after the earthquake, numerous highways became congested. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 101 A team of 400 people exert efforts day and night in order to prevent any disruption of healthcare services in the rural neighbourhoods of Hatay. For earthquake victims, relief trains from Germany and Azerbaijan arrived. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 102 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY From Kocaeli Köseköy Train Station, a 20-wagon train carrying 18 mobile homes, 4 passenger wagons, 4 multi-purpose accommodation wagons, 1 generator on a wagon, 1 excavator, and 1 construction equipment headed to the earthquake zone. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 103 3.2. Search and Rescue and Rubble Removal Efforts Various search and rescue teams, including personnel from the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD), Police Search and Rescue (PAK), Gendarmerie Search and Rescue Battalion (JAK), Gendarmerie Special Public Security Command (JÖAK), Maritime Search and Rescue (DİSAK), Coast Guard, Natural Disasters Search and Rescue (DAK), Güven, Fire Department, Lifeboat Service, Ministry of National Education (MEB), NGOs, and international search and rescue units, are exerting efforts in the region. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 104 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Türkiye made an appeal for international assistance in the field of urban search and rescue through the ERCC, and upon this call, many international search and rescue teams arrived in Türkiye. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 105 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 106 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 107 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 108 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 109 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 110 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 111 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 112 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 113 Search and rescue teams working around the clock in the disaster zone 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 116 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 117 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 118 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Friendly paws became rescue partners in the effort to save lives following the earthquakes in Türkiye. Many specially trained dogs supported the search and rescue operations in Türkiye. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 119 As a result of search and rescue operations, many animals were rescued. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 120 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 121 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 122 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY In Diyarbakır, a rescue operation was conducted with the assistance of a helicopter in order to save a cat from a building complex whose demolition operation had been halted. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 123 Following the earthquake, a fire broke out in the container yard of İskenderun Port. The fire was extinguished by the Beriev firefighting aircraft and T79 firefighting helicopter, both of which are deployed to combat forest fires by the General Directorate of Forestry of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 124 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 125 The final duties were performed for those who lost their lives in the earthquake. A funeral prayer in absentia was performed for those who died in earthquakes in Hatay. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 126 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 127 Management of crisis communication is a process that is not restricted to situations of crisis and encompasses proactive approaches. In accordance with Presidential Decree No. 14, the Directorate of Communications has been charged with carrying out strategic communication and crisis management activities in order to achieve the State’s goals and objectives during times of crisis, disaster, state of emergency, imminent threat of war, mobilisation, and war. Since the earthquake, the Directorate of Communications has prepared briefing notes and social media posts by constantly updating the information received from the relevant Ministries and AFAD in order to inform the public and institutions/ organisations accurately and to ensure effective communication and coordination among relevant officials. 4. DISASTER COMMUNICATION and COMBATING DISINFORMATION 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 128 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 129 The prepared briefing notes are converted into digital media content with the purpose of informing the public and combating disinformation, as well as being distributed to the relevant people and organisations working in the quake-stricken region. In order to meet the information needs of the public and to ensure the continuity of the fight against disinformation, a consistent flow of information was provided. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 130 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 131 Since 7.00 am on February 6, 2023, the Directorate of Communications has made the “CIMER Call Centre” available 24 hours a day, seven days a week for citizens calling from the earthquake zone. It continues its disaster communication by making the “Earthquake emergency” section of the CIMER platform accessible to the public at 8.30 am on the same day. The applications of citizens who contact the Call Centre and require a response in accordance with their demands are registered through the CIMER, and they are informed via phone calls. Frequently Asked Questions have been compiled to shed light on issues on which citizens lack information, and new topics are being added and updated to this end. Through the CIMER Call Centre, information is shared with citizens. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 132 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Combating Disinformation Combating disinformation, which consists of intentionally disseminated false/fake information, is necessary at all stages of the management process. The fact that social media-based manipulations are frequently propagated on multiple online news sites and in conventional media contributes to the spread of the disinformation at issue. In addition to the spread of unsubstantiated information without regard to its source, the emergence of direct and deliberate lies exacerbates the chaos in social media. During this critical time period, social media have been utilised for purposes that will result in unfounded information and disinformation, as well as for beneficial efforts. The Directorate of Communications continues to work in coordination and harmony with the relevant institutions in order to accurately inform the public and develop a unified discourse against disinformation and manipulation efforts that may occur in disaster scenarios. Recent meetings with the Twitter team have yielded faster results in the fight against disinformation. After the earthquake, for instance, the baseless tweet concerning the collapse of the Yarseli Dam was deleted in a matter of minutes. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 133 The Directorate of Communications is combatting disinformation, manipulation, and perception operations, particularly on social media, following the earthquake. Within the scope of efforts to combat disinformation, the Directorate of Communications monitored international and domestic media 24 hours a day, seven days a week and developed verification cards for disinformation that was identified. The Centre for Combating Disinformation shared visual cards containing the accurate versions of manipulative news to guarantee that the public would receive accurate information. Intensive work at the AFAD Coordination Center 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 136 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The e-devlet application-supported “Disinformation Reporting Service” (DBS), through which suspicious/false news produced and spread regarding the earthquake can be reported, has been put into service. The claims about the earthquake have been investigated, and the public has been provided with accurate information through the “Disinformation Bulletin, which is released by the Directorate of Communications and reveals the truth in the face of disinformation and manipulative content. Since the onset of the disaster, Anadolu Agency has worked to inform the public from 15 different crisis points in 10 provinces. In order to prevent widespread disinformation and manipulation in digital media, the most accurate information is provided to the public by using the AA confirmation line to verify the accuracy of claims regarding the earthquake. The Directorate of Communications continues to address the needs of the press members in order to facilitate the work of both national and international media in the earthquake-affected provinces. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 137 The Directorate of Communications, which began working 24 hours a day immediately at the headquarters and in the regional directorates in the earthquake-affected provinces, tried to facilitate the work of the press members on the site. The Directorate of Communications, which offers support to the press members on the site, such as providing a working environment and implementing accreditation procedures, has established press centres for journalists in the earthquake-affected areas. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 138 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Solidarity, a notion intimately tied to the interaction and cooperation of individuals, communities, and institutions, is most evident in Türkiye, which experienced one of the most devastating natural disasters in human history on February 6, 2023. Immediately after the disaster of the century, which occurred in the early morning hours, an unprecedented effort and solidarity in terms of both national and international search and rescue efforts and humanitarian help began. 5. POST-EARTHQUAKE SOLIDARITY The Palestinian artist Abrar Sabbah stated that she intended for her work to convey the message that Türkiye is very strong. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 139 5.1. Nation-State Solidarity: Türkiye United as One Heart As the state mobilised all of its means and institutions, and rescue teams rushed to the wreckage, people from all over Türkiye joined hands to help heal the wounds and those who with the means travelled to the region for support. They united as one heart in a spirit of solidarity to support the survivors aged 7 to 70 in a variety of ways, including donations, prayers, and notes. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 140 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 141 Quake victims are accommodated in shelters. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 142 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY AFAD 22.328.33.574,00 Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change - İlbank 586.000.000,00 Ministry of Family and Social Services 1.396.899.846,00 Ministry of Justice 9.269.774,38 Ministry of National Education 1.478.000.000,00 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 4.800.000.000,00 Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure 39.000.000,00 TOTAL PAYMENT 30.637.500.194,38 The Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) paid a total of 13,769,850,000,000 and 10,000 TL per family for 1,376,985 disaster survivors. A total of 3,117,855,000 per Household Relocation Assistance was paid to the families of 207,857 disaster survivors, 15,000 per household. *Payments are in progress PAYMENT EMERGENCY AID ALLOWANCE Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 143 Until the quake victims are provided with permanent housing, they are being housed in tent cities, container cities, dormitories, public guesthouses, hotels, and other locations across the country as part of the “Let my home be your home” campaign. ELAZI' SİVAS 354 TENT CITIES HATAY Number of Tent Cities in Hatay 96 KİLİS GAZİANTEP ŞANLIURFA DİYARBAKIR Number of Tent Cities in Kilis 1 Number of Tent Cities in Gaziantep 13 Number of Tent ities in Şanl¯urfa 55 Number of Tent ities in Diþarbak¯r 1 Number of Tent Cities in Malatya 39 ADIYAMAN KAHRAMANMARAŞ MALATYA Number of Tent Cities in Osmaniye 12 OSMANİYE Number of Tent Cities in Adana 27 ADANA Number of Tent ities in Ad¯þaman 46 Number of Tent Cities in Kahramanmaraã 64 SHELTER WORKING GROUP 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 144 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY More than 200 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) operating in Türkiye continue their humanitarian aid efforts to heal the wounds in the areas affected by the earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş. As part of the “Let My Home Be Your Home” campaign, donors support quake victims to meet their shelter needs until they have permanent housing. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 145 Before the match between Trabzonspor and Switzerland’s Basel team in the UEFA Conference League play-off round, the choreography depicting a rescue officer with the words “We will all be together, we will heal the wounds.” and a baby pulled out of the wreckage in his arms was performed. With the participation of 213 national and international television channels and 562 radio stations, a joint live broadcast was conducted under the name of “Türkiye United as One Heart Campaign” to raise funds for the earthquake-affected citizens. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 146 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Chefs cook for quake victims. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 147 Volunteers sort, package, and transport the aid collected for earthquake victims to the earthquake zones. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 148 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 149 Erciyes Association for the Disabled mobilised to sew fleece jackets for the people in the earthquake-affected areas. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 150 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Teachers and students at a vocational high school in the Tatvan district of Bitlis province manufactured stoves for earthquake victims. Earthquake victims hosted in Mersin are provided glasses free of charge. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 151 Volunteer pharmacists from Mardin and Şırnak provide service to earthquake victims in Adıyaman. In Sinop, women sew bedlinen for earthquake victims. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 152 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The women in Çankırı make toys for child victims. Toys are being collected for the children affected by the earthquakes from all over Türkiye. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 153 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 154 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The notes included in the aid sent by children from all over the country to the earthquake zone touch the hearts. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 155 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 156 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 157 Children donated their savings from their money banks to the victims of earthquake. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 158 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY For earthquake victims, charity sales of design products, literature, and food are organised, along with workshops. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 159 Entertainment programmes are organised for earthquake victims and their families that travel from the earthquake zone to different cities in Türkiye. Clowns, face painters, balloon artists, and trainers provide children with enjoyable theatre plays, musical performances, and magic shows. The child victims who came to Ardahan toured Lake Çıldır by sleigh. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 160 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The children of the tent city express their dreams through graffiti on the walls. Child victims continue to receive psychosocial support. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 161 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 162 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 163 Students from all over Türkiye donated their pocket money to earthquake victims. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 164 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Students who were displaced by the earthquake started attending classes in their new schools. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 165 5.2. International Support and Solidarity Immediately after the earthquake that struck in the early hours of February 6, Türkiye issued an international call for assistance, informing the countries and international organisations of its need. Upon this call, more than 80 countries sent more than 7,000 personnel to the operations in the field, including humanitarian aid, search and rescue efforts, and establishment of a field hospital. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 166 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY At NATO Headquarters in Brussels, all flags were lowered at half-mast in solidarity with Türkiye, and mourning began. After the earthquake, a lot of countries and international organisations expressed their condolences and sent aid messages to Türkiye. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 167 The global business community continues to assist the earthquake-affected areas. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 168 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Search and rescue teams from other countries, particularly from the neighbouring ones, mobilised to rescue earthquake victims trapped beneath the rubble. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 169 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 170 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 171 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 172 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 173 Search and rescue teams from all over the world 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 174 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 175 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 176 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 177 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 178 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY In addition to aid from the EU countries to American countries, aid from from Arab countries to Far East countries, from Balkan countries to North and Central Asian countries and aid from Pacific countries, a large number of African countries with very low economic development levels also send aid to Türkiye in a variety of areas such as housing, health care, and food. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 179 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 180 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Nomadic Tent Site for Solidarity was established for earthquake victims with tents from Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. A campaign to collect toys for children affected by the earthquake was launched in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 181 The photograph of Azerbaijan’s Server Beşirli, who set out to deliver the aid supplies he had loaded onto his car to the center for aid collection in Baku, became a symbol of international aid. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 182 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 183 After the disaster, the hearts of the people around the world were united for Türkiye 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 184 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Messages such as “The disaster of the century,” “Türkiye appreciates your support,” “Türkiye is united more than ever,” “Hold onto hope,” “Heroes are born,” and “Sorrow fills our hearts” were displayed on billboards in New York’s Times Square. The statue of Christ the Redeemer in Brazil, was illuminated in memory of those who lost their lives in the earthquakes in Türkiye. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 185 A solidarity event for earthquake victims in Türkiye and Syria was held in Gaza. A ceremony was held in New Delhi, India’s capital, to commemorate those who died in the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes, dubbed the “disaster of the century,” and to show solidarity with earthquake victims. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 186 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY To demonstrate their solidarity with the Turkish people, Kazakhs post the phrase “We are together” alongside Kazakh-Turkish flags on social media. Kathimerini, one of the most widely circulated newspapers in Greece, emphasised their solidarity with the Turkish people by saying, “We are all Turks.” Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 187 Following the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes, various artists from around the world posted artistic works to their social media accounts in solidarity of the earthquake victims. The artist “Alpgenart”, known for his collage pieces depicting monthly striking events, shared a snapshot of an earthquake in the eyes of a sobbing person from his account. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 188 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Digital Artist Hüseyin Şahin shared his graphic design on his Instagram account named “artside”. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 189 After the disaster of the century, South Korean artist Myeong-Minho expressed his condolences with a touching illustration, reflecting the 73-year-old bonds of brotherhood between Türkiye and South Korea. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 190 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Following the earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş, search-and-rescue teams were immediately deployed to the region and started humanitarian operations. Following these operations, the course of the action was evaluated, and reconstruction and recovery efforts were initiated in the region. 6. POST-EARTHQUAKE RECONSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY EFFORTS Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 191 Housing Services Directorate of Housing Development Administration and the General Directorate of Emlak Konut work for the construction of temporary housing sites consisting of masonry structures, prefabricated buildings, and containers for earthquake victims under the coordination of the Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation, and Climate Change. Work has begun on creating temporary housing sites. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 192 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 193 Container cities established to house earthquake victims until the reconstruction and restoration work is completed. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 194 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 195 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 196 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stated that in the aftermath of the earthquakes, described as the disaster of the century, all necessary steps would be taken to assist hundreds of earthquake survivors in regaining their lives as soon as possible, and that cities, with their residences, workplaces, and cultural assets, would be revived. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 197 In cooperation with provincial administration, non-governmental organisations, and academics, a new building plan is produced without increasing the vulnerability of the residents, and a road map is designed for the construction and recovery phase. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 198 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY It has been stated that the cities’ historical characteristics and demographic structures will be preserved, and that they will be restored and strengthened. The most exact and stable foundation will be determined through scientific research, and then construction of the housing will commence. In the earthquake zone, 200 thousand residences and 70 thousand village houses will be constructed beginning in March. The construction of disaster housing will be horizontal and in accordance with local architectural norms. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 199 Safe, healthy, and locally appropriate village houses with a barn, garden, and an original design will be built. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 200 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Infrastructure Services Following the earthquakes, 98 per cent of the drinking water infrastructure in 11 provinces was repaired, excluding heavily damaged areas. INFRASTRUCTURE WORKS Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change Personnel Vehicle 400 142 İlbank completed the damage assessment process for drinking water and started the repair process. The existing drinking water facilities of all 172 local governments have been examined. Approximately 800 faults in 79 local governments’ tanks, pumping stations, transmission lines, and other similar art structures have been repaired, with work continuing. Except for heavily damaged areas, 98% of the drinking water infrastructure in 11 provinces was repaired, and disaster victims were given access to drinking water. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 201 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 202 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The solar energy panels were installed in Gaziantep’s İslahiye district to supply the power needs of the container city. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 203 Education Services Students studying in earthquake-affected provinces are being transferred to schools in other provinces so that they can continue their education. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 204 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Although education has not yet commenced in certain provinces, 416 psychosocial support tents have been set up with the motto ‘continued education under all circumstances.’ Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 205 In 393 locations throughout eleven provinces, we offer support and training classes to all eighth- and twelfth-grade students who are interested. On March 1, classes began at 510 support and training education centers in eleven provinces hit by earthquakes. The Ministry of National Education republished the required textbooks and auxiliary materials for eighth- and twelfth-grade students in 11 provinces and began constructing training kits containing all required stationery for distribution to students in the disaster area. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 206 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Agriculture and Livestock Services The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry continues to provide assistance to farmers, livestock breeders, and beekeepers affected by the earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş and Hatay in order to meet their needs and prevent any negative impact on the sector. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry will provide beehive support to beekeepers in proportion to the number of beehives damaged by the earthquake. EFFORTS OF THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY Destroyed and Heavily Damaged Barn- Stable Bovine Animals (Perished) Ovine Animals (Perished) Quantity of Milk Collected and Sent (Tonnes) Quantity of Feed Sent (Tonnes) Animal Tents Sent Bovine Animals under Protection Ovine Animals under Protection 14.004 8.462 65.561 23.402 15.909 7.454 1.374 3.981 Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 207 WE SUPPORT OUR BREEDERS WHOSE ANIMALS PERISHED IN THE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER The losses to our livestock farmers in the 11 provinces hit by the earthquake will be compensated in kind. Within this context; Our ministry will give away for free as many bovine and ovine animals as the number of perished animals that our bovine and ovine breeders have, as many poultry as the number of perished poultry that our poultry farmers have, and as many beehives as the number of damaged hives that our beekeepers have experienced. Also, the immediate sugar requirement for our 12 thousand beekeepers’ 1 million and 483 thousand hives in 11 provinces will be fulfilled. WE SUPPORT OUR FOREST VILLAGERS AFFECTED BY THE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER We are delaying the loan instalments due between February 6 and July 31,2023, as part of the Forests and Village Affairs (ORKÖY) loans for which our forest villagers in provinces designated as disaster zones are eligible. In this context, no application criteria will be sought, and the loan instalments for the Agricultural Development Cooperatives and roughly 3 thousand forest villagers totalling 11.3 million TL, have been postponed until December 31, 2023, without interest. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 208 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Economic and Financial Services All capabilities are utilised in the most efficient manner so that the earthquake-affected citizens can recover economically and financially. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 209 With the loan arrangements made, those affected by the earthquake have been given flexible payment options for their obligations. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 210 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 211 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 212 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 213 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 214 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY After the initial response, helicopters were used to transport earthquake victims in critical condition to hospitals in the region. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 215 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 216 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY 77 field hospitals were established in eleven earthquake-affected provinces. Healthcare Services Following the disaster, both the injured citizens rescued from the wreckage and other earthquake victims were treated in field hospitals with operating rooms, intensive care units, and observation rooms set up in the region, as well as city hospitals in various cities throughout Türkiye. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 217 Psychosocial support activities included an initial needs assessment and psychological first aid for earthquake victims and their families, as well as identification of potential risk factors, individual interviews, psychoeducation, group counselling and referrals. As part of psychosocial support teams, psychologists, social workers, and child development professionals provide services in the earthquake area. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 218 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Psychosocial support services included visits to tent cities, dormitories, guesthouses, hotels, and residences, as well as individual psychosocial interviews. Following the disaster, psychosocial support services for earthquake victims and their families were immediately launched. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 219 The Ministry of Health continues to provide primary health care services in earthquake-affected areas. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 220 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 221 The Ministry of Health launched the website https://deprem.saglik.gov.tr/ in addition to its efforts on the ground from the first day of the earthquake and has been providing information through the 184 hotline of the Ministry of Health Communication Centre (SABIM). 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 222 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY The Ministry of Health continues to inform the public about potential health issues that may arise after the earthquake through publications, posters, and brochures shared on the Earthquake Information Platform. Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 223 Family and Social Services Psychosocial support team of the Ministry of Family and Social Services is visiting earthquake victims in the city and districts. The team conducts needs assessments and assists those who have experienced psychological trauma. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 224 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 225 Volunteers and psychosocial support teams assist child victims of the earthquake 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 226 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 227 The Ministry of Family and Social Services meticulously identifies unaccompanied minors who had injuries when rescued from the wreckage and placed under treatment. Unaccompanied minors are housed in the relevant institutions of the Ministry. The Ministry of Family and Social Services established a call centre and began using TÜBİTAK’s “DerinGÖRÜ” facial recognition and match software to reunite unaccompanied minors with their families. The “DerinGÖrÜ” software was used to identify the families of over 150 unaccompanied minors in the earthquake zone. The Natural Disaster Information section in the e-Nabız (e-Pulse) application now allows users to upload photos of first and second-degree relatives who were unable to contact them due to the earthquake. The Ministry of Family and Social Services receives, transports, and manages in-kind assistance through the ALO 144 social assistance hotline. 13:24 4:17 7.7 7.6 228 / FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY Adana Hatay Kahramanmaraş Şanlıurfa Malatya Elazığ Osmaniye Kilis Gaziantep Adıyaman Diyarbakır FEBRUARY 06, 2023 jARRAwAywARA¸ EARTR©ÇAjE²ة DISASTER OF THE CENTURY / 229 The children of the tent city paint their dreams on the walls FEBRUARY 06, 2023 KAHRAMANMARAŞ EARTHQUAKES DISASTER OF THE CENTURY